🔊ar-TEER-ee-al blud gas uh-NAL-ih-sis
Arterial blood gas analysis is the reference standard for assessing oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status, but its results must be interpreted in the context of the clinical picture and with
🔊blud KUL-chur
Blood culture volume is the single most important modifiable factor for detecting bloodstream infection, with each additional millilitre of blood cultured increasing yield by approximately 3%.
🔊chest ray-dee-OG-rah-fee
Chest radiography is a rapid, low-radiation first-line investigation for thoracic disease, but its findings must always be interpreted in the context of the clinical picture and with a systematic read
🔊koh-ag-yoo-LAY-shun PROH-file
A coagulation profile screens for coagulation factor deficiencies, inhibitors, and the effects of anticoagulants; it should be interpreted in the context of the clinical bleeding or thrombotic present
🔊kum-PLEET blud kownt
The CBC is a foundational screening and monitoring test; its value lies not in any single number but in the pattern across red cell, white cell, and platelet lineages interpreted against the patient’s
🔊ek-oh-kar-dee-OG-ruh-fee
Echocardiography is the first-line non-invasive imaging modality for assessing cardiac structure and function, but findings must be interpreted in the context of the clinical presentation and, where i
🔊ee-LEK-troh-kar-dee-OG-rah-fee
A resting 12-lead ECG is the first-line electrical investigation for suspected acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, or conduction disturbance, but it must be interpreted in the context of the clinical
🔊SEE-rum oz-moh-LAL-ih-tee
Serum osmolality is a colligative measurement of solute concentration in serum, used to evaluate water balance and electrolyte disorders; it must be interpreted alongside the measured and calculated o
🔊THY-royd FUNK-shun tests
Serum TSH is the first-line test for thyroid dysfunction in most adults; add FT4 when TSH is abnormal, when pituitary disease is suspected, or in pregnancy and childhood.
🔊yoor-ih-NAL-ih-sis
Urinalysis is a readily available, non-invasive screening tool that can reveal renal, urinary, and systemic pathology, but findings must be interpreted in the context of the clinical picture and confi